attendants on a magistrate

offĭcĭum, ii, n. [for opificium, opus and facio], qs. that which one does for another, a service, whether of free will or of (external or moral) necessity (class.; cf.: studium, beneficium, meritum, munus).

A voluntary service, a kindness, favor, courtesy, rendered to one whose claim to it is recognized;

while beneficium is a service rendered where there is no claim: officium esse filii, uxoris, earum personarum, quas necessitudo suscitat et ferre opem jubet,

Sen. Ben. 3, 18, 1.

In gen.:

altera sententia est, quae definit amicitiam paribus officiis ac voluntatibus,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

odiosum sane genus hominum officia exprobrantium,

id. ib. 20, 71:

nihil est vicissitudine studiorum officiorumque jucundius,

id. ib. 14, 49: filicem cum officio vicini decidere, so as to do him a service, Col. 2, 14, 6:

summo officio praeditus homo,

exceedingly obliging, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 135. —

In partic.

A ceremonial observance, ceremony, attendance (on a festive or solemn occasion;

mostly post-Aug.): officio togae virilis interfui,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2:

sine solenni officio,

Suet. Claud. 2:

per sollenne nuptiarum celeberrimo officio deductum ad se,

id. Ner. 28; cf. id. Claud. 26:

ad officium venire,

id. Calig. 25:

relicto statim novorum consulum officio,

id. Caes. 50:

in officio salutationis,

id. Aug. 27:

vitans praeter navigantium officia,

id. Tib. 12:

officia prosequentium,

id. Caes. 71:

quod supremis in matrem officiis defuisset,

at the payment of the last offices, at the funeral, Tac. A. 5, 2:

officium cras Primo sole mihi peragendum in valle Quirini,

a ceremonial visit, Juv. 2, 133 sq.; 3, 239.—

In mal. part., compliance, favor, Prop. 3, 15, 24; Ov. Am. 1, 10, 46; 3, 7, 24; cf.

virile,

Theod. Prisc. 2, 11:

puerile,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 5; Petr. 140.—

In gen., an obligatory service, an obligation, duty, function, part, office (so most freq. in prose and poetry of all periods):

nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis neque forensibus neque domesticis in rebus, neque si tecum agas quid, neque, si cum altero contrahas, vacare oflicio potest: in eoque et colendo sita vitae est honestas omnis et in neglegendo turpitudo, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 2, 4 sq.: perfectum officium rectum opinor vocemus, quod Graeci katorthôma: hoc autem commune kathêkon vocant, id. ib. 1, 3, 8;

an id doles, quia illi suum officium non colunt, quom tu tuum facis?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 34; id. ib. 1, 1, 39; id. Pers. 4, 4, 66:

meminisse officium suum,

to remember one's duty, id. Trin. 3, 2, 71.—Also, subject., a sense of duty:

si quis aegre ferat nihil in se esse virtutis, nihil officii, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 28, 61:

quicquid in eum judicii officiique contuleris,

id. Fam. 10, 1 fin.:

intellegere, utrum apud eos pudor atque officium an timor valeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 14:

suum facere,

to do one's duty, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 44:

omnibus officiis amicitiae servatis,

observe all the obligations of friendship, Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

exsequi,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

fungi officio,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 3:

satisfacere officio,

to perform, id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

officium suum deserere,

to disregard one's duty, not perform it, id. Off. 1, 9, 28:

discedere ab officio,

id. ib. 1, 10, 32:

deesse officio suo,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 1:

officii duxit,

considered it his duty, Suet. Tib. 11.—Of animals:

canes funguntur officiis luporum,

act the part of, Auct. Her. 4, 34, 46.—Of things:

neque pes neque mens satis suum officium facit,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 3: officium corporis, the function or property of a body, Lucr. 1, 336 and 362.—

In partic.

Lit., an official duty, a service, employment, business (class.):

toti officio maritimo M. Bibulus praepositus cuncta administrabat,

naval service, Caes. B. C. 3, 5 fin.; 3, 8:

celeriter equitatus ad cotidianum itineris officium revertitur,

id. ib. 1, 80:

confecto legationis officio,

id. ib. 3, 103:

destringor officio,

Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 1:

officium (scribae),

Nep. Eum. 1, 5.—

Transf., an office, appointment (post-Aug.).

Laboriosissimum et maximum, office, Plin. Pan. 91:

nova officia excogitavit,

Suet. Aug. 37; cf.:

novum officium instituit a voluptatibus,

id. Tib. 42:

obligationes, quae non propriis viribus consistunt, neque officio judicis, neque praetoris imperio neque legis potestate confirmantur,

Dig. 44, 7, 27:

qui ex officio pro aliis interveniunt,

by virtue of their office, ib. 21, 1, 31, § 14:

ministerii,

Vulg. Exod. 28, 35:

sacerdotum,

id. Num. 7, 8.—

Transf., in concr.

The officials or attendants on a magistrate = officialium corpus (post-class.):

sub praetextu adventus officiorum vel militum,

Dig. 1, 18, 6; 21, 2, 74:

deponere aliquid apud officium,

ib. 2, 4. 17: officia palatina, officers at the imperial court, Treb. Poll. Gall. 17, 8.—

An office or court of a magistrate:

ipse me Regulus convenit in praetoris officio,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11.

princĭpālis, e, adj. [princeps].

In gen., first, original, primitive (class.):

causae,

Cic. Fat. 5, 9:

est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam,

Quint. 9, 1, 4:

verba,

Gell. 11, 15, 5.—

In partic.

In rank, first in rank, station, or esteem, chief, principal:

viri,

App. Flor. p. 363, 38.—Of things abstr. and concr.:

pici principales in auguriis,

Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 41:

principalia in Arabiā tus, et myrrha,

id. 12, 13, 30, § 51:

principalia aquatilium,

id. 31, 6, 38, § 72:

causarum aliae sunt perfectae et principales, aliae adjuvantes et proximae,

Cic. Fat. 18, 41:

quaestio,

Quint. 4, 4, 1:

post haec duo principalia subjungebat illa non minus intuenda,

after these two principal points, Col. 1, 3, 3:

principali studio (i. e. praecipuo),

Gell. 13, 10, 1:

principalia verba,

primitive, id. 11, 15, 5:

de culturā agri praecipere, principale fuit et apud exteros,

a principal thing, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:

principalis obligatio, res (opp. accessio),

Gai. Inst. 3, 126.— Comp.:

principalior,

Tert. Anim. 43: principaliora quaeque, id. cont. Marc. 4, 36.—As subst.: princĭpālis, is, m.

The foremost, overseer, superintendent:

officiorum, i. e. of attendants,

Cod. Just. 9, 51, 1.—

The chief magistrate of a municipality, Symm. Ep. 9, 1; Dig. 48, 19, 27; Isid. Orig. 9, 4:

principalis aut decurio,

Cod. Just. 10, 31, 33; 10, 34, 2, § 1.—

An inferior officer, Dig. 49, 16, 13.—

Of or belonging to a prince or ruler, princely, imperial, the emperor's (post-Aug.):

principalis quies,

Vell. 2, 56, 3:

fastigium,

id. 1, 11, 6:

opera,

id. 2, 124, 3:

curae,

Plin. Pan. 79:

copiae,

id. ib. 82:

apparatus arrogantiae principalis,

id. ib. 76:

beneficia,

id. ib. 36:

matrimonium,

Tac. H. 1, 22:

commentarii,

id. ib. 4, 40:

fortuna,

id. ib. 2, 81:

scortum,

id. ib. 1, 13:

majestas,

Suet. Claud. 17:

res,

id. Calig. 39:

bonum,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22: vox, Just. Inst. prooem. 3.—

Of or belonging to the principes, i. e. to the second line in the order of battle (post-class.), Cod. Th. 12, 1, 151; Veg. Mil. 2, 15, 1.—

Of or belonging to the principium in a camp: principalis castrorum porta nominatur, quod in eo loco est, in quo principes ordines tendunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 224 Müll.:

manipulos legionum principali viā inducit,

Liv. 10, 33:

porta principalis dextra,

id. 4, 19; cf. id. 40, 27. — Adv.: princĭpālĭter.

In gen., chiefly, principally (post-class.):

plurimae bestiae, sed principaliter leones,

Sol. 27:

negotium gerere,

Dig. 3, 2, 4.—

In partic., like a prince, imperially (post-Aug.):

gaudere,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 36:

mores juventutis quam principaliter formas!

Plin. Pan. 47:

institutae leges,

Arn. 1, 2, 2: non principaliter, incidentally, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 5.